Thermic mixture.



UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

HANS GOLDSOHMIDT, OF ESSEN-ON-THE-RUIIR, GERMANY, ASSIGNOR TO THE FIRMOF TH.

GOLDSOHMIDT, 0F ESSEN-ON-THE-RUHR, GERMANY. I

TBIEBMIG MIXTURE Specification o1. LetteraPatent.

Patented Now, 3, 1908.

Application filed. February 14, 1906. Serial No. 801,096.

To all whom it may concern: Be it known that I, HANS King of Prussia,German Emperor, and resident of Essen-on-the-Ruhr,

rovince of the Rhine, German Em ire, have invented certain new anduseful In rovements in Thermic Mixtures, of which t e following isanexact specification.

The well known mixture of aluminum and an oxid of a metal is used forthermic purposes, as for example for heating purposes,

eating and welding metals, especially rails, tubes, and so on; it isfurthermore used for manufacturing metals, as for example chromium ormanganese, molybdenum, ferro-ti tanium, and so on. In all these casesthe oxid of the metal, which 'is employed, is brought in an intimatecontact and mixed with'an active metal as aluminum;- by ignit-' ing themixture com osed of these two substances a reduction 0 the metalcompound is obtained, so that a formed and the metal, which wascontained in the compound, is separated inform of a fluid regulus. Thisprocess is known under the name of the Goldschmidt thermic process andthe essential feature of this process was that when carrying out thereaction there is no external heating of the mixture and the reaction isautomatically transferred from one part of the mixture to the adjacentarts.

Hitherto t fie active metal in the' Goldschmidt-mixture was alwaysaluminum or' magnesium or a mixture of both the metals, to which an oxidof a metal or a sulfate of a metal or a halogen of a metal is added.

Now it has been found, and this is the object of my invention, that Ican use with great'advantage the metal silicon in combiesium or an alloyortions as of these'two metals in various pro hitherto a substitute forthe active metas used.

It has been already tried to mix aluminum with silicon and to use it asan active metal in the well-known Goldschmidt-process, but the reactionis not very active, especially when large proportions of silicon areemployed, and therefore it was suggested that the mixture of magnesiumwith s1 icon might have the same result. But the trials made have shownthat a very acin this direction tive reaction takes place, if I mix forexample and liquid iron is fluid alumina slag is by the Goldschmidtrocess.

in weight 15 percent. granulated magnesium with 10 per cent. granulatedsilicon and add to this mixture a portion of 75 per cent. in weight ofiron-oxid-protoxid; then a liquid slag, approximately to the formula:

3:; M onsio,

obtained; the iron is obtained about quantitatively in form of 9. moltenre lus being highly superheated. The sprea mg of the reaction is alsovery fast, which makes this reaction es ecially adapted for weldingpurposes. In t e same manner such a mixture 1s adapted for all otherthermic recesses, which are known as Goldschmidt thermic processes, asfor example for the manufacture of chromium, manganese, molybdenum andso on. Naturally I can also take the oxid or sulfids or sulfates,nitrates or halogens of the metal which I will obtain.

I will give an example of such a mixture: I take a mixture or an alloyof equal parts of magnesium and silicon and add the equivalent parts ofchromium oxid, that means about 12 percent. of magnesium, 12 per cent.of silicon and about 76 per cent. of oxid of chromium. All thesesubstances are finely granulated and then intimately mixed wit eachother. To this I can add fluxes, as lime, fluor-spar, and soon or I canadd other metals which'are molten down when the reaction takes place. Iwill give an example of forming such an alloy by adding other metals tothe reaction mixture. manufacturing an alloy of manganese and copper Imix equivalent parts of an oxid of manganese with magnesium and siliconin e uivalent parts as described before in manufacturing chromium, andadd to this mixture copper; then the heat will melt down the copper, andI get a regulus of an alloy of manganese and copper. In the same mannerother alloys may be manufactured.

It is clear that for the purpose of manufacturin an alloy I can reduce1n the same manner t e oxide of two different metals in one operation.

It is obvious that the substances takin art in the reaction must all begranulate and intimately mixed as already well known The substitution 0a mixture or an alloy of magnesium with silicon for aluminum is of Forexample when special value for melting down metallic iron for weldingpurposes; I give hereinafter several examples which show that I may varythe proportions of the substances in suc active mixtures. A special goodmixture contains 50 parts of "magneslum thermlt and 50 arts 0 siliconthermit. The magnesium thermit designates a mixture of approximatelequivalent parts of magnesium and oxid of iron or protoxidox1d of iron;the words silicon thermit designate an approximately equivalent mixtureof silicon and oxid or rotoxid of iron. Th1s expression and designationof the word thermit is already known by the old Goldschmidt process.This mixture contains about 15 per cent. of magnesium 10 per cent. ofsilicon and about 75 er cent. iron oxid protoxid. In the followm othermixtures shall be described especia 1y for oxid of iron, but thisprotoxid ox1d of iron can also be replaced by other metallic compounds,especially metallic oxids.

80 Mg and 70 Si thermit: Mg and 18 Si and Fe m. 40 Mg and 60 Sithermit=l2 Mg and 1 Si and 7 F6104. son and 50s; thermit=1%1flg and 1 s1and :5 re m. 60Mgand408ithermit=18 Mgand b Siand 74 3e 0,. TOMgand80Sithermit=2l Mg and a Si and ireo As an essential feature of mimproved mixture must be cited that the silicon of the mixture can bethoroughly oxidized, if a certain surplus of an oxidizin agent isemployed, such as iron-oxid, an that the metal can be obtainedpractically free from silicon and magnesium in a reguline state. Thepresence of small quantities of ma esium is suflicient .to bring thesilicon to a' ll reduc ingaction. Evenif I reduce the quantit ofmagnesium more than given in the v t formula above cited, the reactiontakes place in a complete manner. It is also obvious, that incombination with magnesium and silicon also other reducing agents can besimultaneously used, such as aluminum calcium, barium, strontium, sodiumthe like. All these metals can also be used in the form of an alloy..

It is not necessary to use the silicon or magnesium in a pure state,especially the silicon can be taken in the form of a silicon alloespecially as a high-grade ferro-silicon. thls case the iron of theferro-silicon is molten down together with the metal to be reduced.

Having thus fully described the nature of rotoxidmy invention, what Idesire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is:

1. A thermic mixture having in combination with a metal compoundreducible to a metal a mixture containing 40-7 5% of magnesium and60-25% of silicon.

2. A thermic mixture having in combination with a metal compoundreducible to a metal an alloy containin 40-7 5% of magnesium and 60-25%of sificon.

3. A thermic mixture having in combination with a metal com oundcontaining only metal and oxygen an a mixture containing in granulatedform 40-75% of magnesium and 60-25% of silicon.

4. A thermlc mixture having in combination with a metal com oundcontaining only metal and oxygen an reducible to a metal an alloycontaining in granulated form 40-75% of magnesium and 60-25% of silicon.

5. A thermic mixture having in combination with an iron compoundconsisting of iron and oxygen a mixture containing 40-75% of magnesiumand 60-25% of silicon.

6. A thermic mixture having in combination with an iron compoundconsisting of iron and oxygen an alloy containing 40-75% of magnesiumand 60-25% of silicon.

7. A thermic mixture havin in combination with iron-oxid protoxicl e 0 amixture containing 40-75% of magnesium and 60-25% of silicon.

8. A thermic mixture havin in combination with iron oxid protoxi(Fe,,O,) an alloy containing 4.0-7 5% of magnesium and 60-25% ofsilicon- 9. A thermic mixture consisting in proportion of about 15 partsin weight of ma nesium, 10 parts in weightof silicon an 75 parts inweight of iron-oxid-protoxid (Fe O thorou hl mixed. r

10. t ermic mixture consisting in proportions of about 15 parts inweight of mag- 'nesium, 10 parts iii weight of silicon, both metalsforming an alloy and of 75 arts in weight of iron-oxid-protoxid (E 0thorou ly mixed.

n witness whereof I have hereunto setmy hand in the'presence of twowitnesses.

HANS GOLDSOHMIDT. Witnesses:

WOLDEMAR HAUP'I, HENRY Hxsrna.

reducible to a metal

